Rahman, E., et.al[1]., studied 12,400 facial images from 1900 to 2024. Demographics included men and women aged 25-65. Images were analyzed using specialized computer software supported by simulation of biomechanical factors influencing wrinkle formation – skin elasticity and muscle dynamics.
Glabellar wrinkles evolve from dynamic (associated with active muscle contraction) to static wrinkles (persist without muscle involvement). The persistent, static component can be classified as (1) the “11” pattern – mostly 2 vertical lines created by the corrugators and (2) the Omega pattern: shaped as the Greek letter omega Ω.
The Omega pattern incorporates the 2 vertical lines from corrugator activity plus a central procerus crease. It also involves the depressor supercili which adds to the mix as it creates a downward pull bringing the brow down towards the nose. The omega pattern suggests very strong underlying glabellar musculature and usually requires higher neuromodulator dosages which tend to last less than other parts of the face injected.
Results: from 1900 to 2024-
- The “11” wrinkle pattern increased from 33% to 55% – this is attributed to stress and prolonged screen exposure.
- The “Omega” pattern declined from 56% to 20% attributed to improved skincare and cosmetic interventions.
- Wrinkle depth decreased globally – due to decreased UV exposure and better aesthetic treatments.
[1] Rahman, E., et.al., Lines of Time: The Evolution of Glabellar Wrinkles over a Century, Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, 2026 Jan; 50(2): 561-581
